The History of the Dogue de Bordeaux: France’s Noble Guardian

The History of the Dogue de Bordeaux: France’s Noble Guardian

The Dogue de Bordeaux, also known as the French Mastiff, is one of the oldest and most powerful dog breeds in France. With their wrinkled faces, muscular build, and deep amber eyes, these dogs exude both strength and loyalty. But beyond their impressive appearance, the Dogue de Bordeaux has a rich and fascinating history that dates back centuries.

From guarding castles and pulling carts to becoming beloved family companions, this breed has played many roles throughout the years. So, let’s take a deep dive into the history of the Dogue de Bordeaux—a dog with a noble past and a heart of gold.

Ancient Origins: A Breed with Deep Roots

The exact origins of the Dogue de Bordeaux are somewhat mysterious, but historians believe that these dogs can be traced back to ancient times. Some suggest that they are descendants of Molossers, powerful war dogs used by the Romans, Greeks, and even the Babylonians.

These early Molosser dogs were bred for strength, endurance, and guarding abilities, which made them perfect for protecting livestock, homes, and even fighting in battles. Over time, as these dogs spread across Europe, they developed into different breeds—including the Dogue de Bordeaux in France.

During the Middle Ages, these dogs were commonly found in the Aquitaine region of France, where they were used for hunting large game like boars, bears, and wolves. Their powerful jaws and fearless nature made them excellent hunting companions.

The Dog of the French Aristocracy

By the 14th and 15th centuries, the Dogue de Bordeaux became associated with French nobility. Wealthy landowners and aristocrats used these dogs as guardians of estates, castles, and vineyards.

Their job was to protect valuable property from thieves and intruders, and their intimidating presence alone was often enough to deter potential threats. However, if needed, they were more than capable of defending their owners with incredible force.

During this time, the breed was also divided into two distinct types:

1. The Parisian Type – A lighter, more agile version found in urban areas.

2. The Bordeaux Type – A heavier, more powerful dog found in the countryside (this is the version that became the modern Dogue de Bordeaux).

While the nobility loved these dogs, their fate took a dark turn during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Since they were strongly associated with the upper class, many Dogues de Bordeaux were slaughtered alongside their aristocratic owners. This period nearly drove the breed to extinction.

The Breed’s Survival and New Roles

Despite their near extinction, some Dogues de Bordeaux survived, thanks to butchers and farmers who recognized their value. In the 19th century, the breed found new roles as:

• Cart pullers – Used in markets to transport heavy goods.

• Farm guardians – Protecting livestock and land from predators.

• Personal protection dogs – Trusted by working-class families.

During this time, the breed also gained fame in dog fighting rings, where their powerful bite and fearless nature made them formidable opponents. Thankfully, as laws against dog fighting became stricter, these dogs found more peaceful roles within society.

The Dogue de Bordeaux in Modern Times

The first official Dogue de Bordeaux breed standard was written in 1896 by veterinarian Pierre Megnin. This helped establish the breed’s distinctive characteristics, ensuring its continuation and recognition.

However, despite their long history, the breed remained relatively unknown outside of France until the mid-20th century. During World War II, the breed once again faced near extinction, as food shortages and war devastation made it difficult to maintain large dogs.

Thankfully, after the war, dedicated breeders worked hard to revive the Dogue de Bordeaux, and by the 1960s and 1970s, their numbers began to grow once more.

The breed’s global popularity skyrocketed in 1989 when a Dogue de Bordeaux named "Beasley" starred alongside Tom Hanks in the Hollywood film Turner & Hooch. This lovable, drooling, and stubborn dog stole the hearts of millions, introducing the world to the gentle giant nature of the breed.

Since then, the Dogue de Bordeaux has gained a strong following in the UK, USA, and beyond, becoming a beloved family pet and guardian.

Characteristics of the Dogue de Bordeaux

Today, the Dogue de Bordeaux is recognized by major kennel clubs, including The Kennel Club (UK), the American Kennel Club (AKC), and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI).

Here’s what makes the breed stand out:

🐾 Appearance:

✔ Large, muscular build (weighing between 45-68 kg).
✔ Deep wrinkles and a massive head.
✔ Short, smooth reddish-fawn coat.
✔ Strong, wide jaws with an undershot bite.

🐾 Temperament:

✔ Loyal and affectionate – Forms strong bonds with their family.
✔ Protective but gentle – Great with children and a natural guardian.
✔ Calm but stubborn – Requires consistent training and socialization.
✔ Drooling experts! – Be prepared for some slobber!

🐾 Health Considerations:

Like many large breeds, the Dogue de Bordeaux has some health concerns, including:

• Hip and elbow dysplasia

• Heart conditions (especially dilated cardiomyopathy)

• Brachycephalic issues (due to their short snout)

• Short lifespan (typically 5-8 years)

Proper diet, exercise, and regular vet check-ups can help ensure a longer and healthier life.

Is the Dogue de Bordeaux Right for You?

If you’re considering adding a Dogue de Bordeaux to your family, here’s what you should know:

• They thrive in loving homes where they get plenty of attention.

• They require early socialization and training to prevent stubborn behavior.

• Due to their size, they need space—a small apartment might not be ideal.

• They are loyal and affectionate but can be aloof with strangers.

• Be ready for drool, snoring, and a strong-willed personality!

Final Thoughts: A Breed with a Noble Past and a Loyal Heart

The Dogue de Bordeaux is truly a one-of-a-kind breed. With a history spanning war, aristocracy, near extinction, and Hollywood fame, this dog has proven to be resilient, loving, and fiercely loyal.

Whether guarding French castles or cuddling on the couch, the Dogue de Bordeaux remains a devoted companion. If you’re looking for a gentle giant with a heart as big as its head, this might just be the breed for you!

My Personal View

I first fell in love with the Dogue de Bordeaux over 20 years ago when we welcomed our little Souris into our home. She was a granddaughter of the legendary Bronson (Red Thunder), and from the moment she arrived, she stole our hearts. Souris was the beginning of a journey filled with unwavering love, deep devotion, and, at times, heartbreaking loss.

From that day on, I have never been without a Dogue de Bordeaux. This breed has become an inseparable part of my life, bringing immense joy but also some incredibly tough lessons along the way. The short lifespan of the breed and the growing prevalence of health issues have made this journey both beautiful and bittersweet.

Owning a Dogue de Bordeaux is not for the faint-hearted. Their loyalty, affection, and soulful eyes make every moment with them priceless, but being a responsible owner means preparing for the challenges that come with their health and care. This breed demands resilience, dedication, and a deep understanding of their needs. The love they give is immeasurable, but the heartbreak of losing them too soon is something only those who have walked this path can truly understand.

Yet, despite the challenges, I wouldn’t trade a single moment. The unbreakable bond I’ve shared with each of my Dogues has been worth every tear, every vet visit, and every painful goodbye. They are more than just pets; they are family, leaving paw prints on my heart that will never fade.

💬 Do you have a Dogue de Bordeaux? Let us know!

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